Hair Loss

Effect of finasteride on human testicular steroid production. 2009 J Androl.1996;17:516

Castro-Magana M, et al

We studied the testicular function and some androgen-mediated events in 22 males with male pattern hair loss treated with finasteride for 2 years. snip… Serum gonadotropin, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and sex hormone levels were determined basally and periodically during the treatment period. Fourteen subjects underwent gonadal stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin, and the gonadotropin response to gonadotropin releasing hormone was determined in eight subjects, prior to and after 2 years of therapy. Finasteride treatment resulted in an improvement in the male pattern hair loss and prostatic shrinkage that was associated with an increase in serum testosterone levels and a decrease in dihydrotestosterone levels, causing a marked increase in that testosterone/DHT ratio. A significant increase in the serum levels of androstenedione and estradiol snip.. No changes in basal or stimulated levels of gonadotropin were observed. There was a significant increase in the testosterone response to hCG during finasteride therapy that could be explained, at least in part, by the reduction of testosterone metabolism resulting from the blockage induced by finasteride. The decrease in the androstenedione to testosterone and estrone to estradiol ratios observed after hCG treatment, however, strongly suggests increased activity of the 17-ketosteroid reductase enzyme and an improvement of the testicular capacity for testosterone production.
hair loss and hair loss regrowth

edited for hair loss blog

Genes Dev. 2008;:654

The longest telomeres: a general signature of adult stem cell compartments.
Flores I, et al

….these findings demonstrate a hierarchical organization of cells of a common origin within tissues according to their telomere length in all organs examined so far (hair follicles, small intestine, cornea, testis, and brain), with the longest telomeres generally marking the most primitive adult stem cell compartments and the shortest telomeres in the more differentiated compartments within a given tissue. Of note, the rate of telomere shortening within a given tissue appeared larger than expected from mere cell division, which may reflect on active telomere degradation mechanisms associated with differentiation, something that remains unexplored to date. Since cell hierarchies are general features of almost all adult organs, identification of the longest telomeres may represent a novel general marker of adult stem cell compartments, which combined with current ways to identify stem cells such as the so-called “label-retaining techniques” may be useful in identifying new stem cell compartments.Finally, we make the novel finding that Mus musculus telomeres shorten with age in all different stem cell compartments studied here, which in turn may result in decreased stem cell functionality at old age. The correct identification and characterization of adult stem cells in healthy and disease conditions could lead to new clinical applications, such as aid in their isolation as well in the study of their response to different treatments, such as in hair loss…..

Edited.

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Hair Loss Treatment at the Proctor clinic

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Br J Dermatol. 1994;130(4):405
Immunohistological study of the development of the cellular infiltrate in the pelage follicles of the DEBR model for alopecia areata.Zhang JG,

edited for use in this hair loss treatment blog

The Dundee experimental bald rat undergoes hair loss associated with perifollicular infiltrates of mononuclear cells (MNC), a pathological characteristic of human alopecia areata (AA). ..snip… There was a good correlation between the degree of leucocyte (OX-1+) infiltration of anagen hair follicles and the development of hair loss. ..snip… Active and established lesional rats, i.e. animals with overt loss of hair, showed a significant increase in the degree of MNC infiltration and the proportion of infiltrated follicles, the majority of which were in dystrophic anagen. ..snip.. These results show marked similarities to lesional human AA. They also focus on a possible active role for CD8+ cells in the pathogenesis of hair loss in the DEBR rat.

Dermatologica. 1986;172:254

Massive lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis during the early stage of pseudopelade.

Pierard-Franchimont C, Pierard GE
.
The early evolving lesions of the hair follicles are described in pseudopelade, a type of cicatricial hair loss where clues for the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus or lichen plano-pilaris are lacking. A sudden and synchronized cell death of all the cells of the epithelial sheaths of the hair follicles occurs and is associated with a dense infiltration by lymphocytes. The epidermis remains uninvolved. This unique aspect is most probably related to the mechanism of apoptosis. Its intensity and extension are much more pronounced than in lichen planus and in lupus erythematosus. Pathogenesis of at least some cicatricial causes of hair loss could therefore be related to massive apoptosis without evident and close relationship with the classical etiologies, i.e. lichen planus and lupus erythematosus.

Br J Dermatol.1981;105(2):145

Decreased lymphocyte reactivity and auto-immunity in alopecia areata.

Friedmann PS.

T lymphocyte numbers and functions were measured in forty-six patients with hair loss associated with alopecia areata and thirty controls. In patients with hair loss, lymphocyte reactivity to extracts of scalp and hair follicles was not detected by 3H thymidine incorporation. 3H Thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes cultured with PPD, Varidase and C. albicans was significantly reduced in cells from patients compared with controls and correlated with the extent of hair loss and the presence of antithyroid antibodies. ….snip.. The relationship of reduced T cell function and auto-immunity to alopecia areata is discussed.

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hair loss blog

Eksp Med Morfol. 1975;14(2):83

Studies on the differences between the skin of nude mice and bald skin in man

Kadanov D.

The author carried out studies and established that in contrast to the bald skin of a man the elastic fibres in the skin of naked mice were completely normal and the small arteries and arterioles were with normal structure, because of which they could not be considered as a cause of degeneration of hair follicles, falling of hairs and of their irreplaceability with hairs grown externaly in these animals. The processes, occuring in the skin of the mice, are determined genetically and their manifestations represent changes in features, which, induced by mutation, are inherited.

J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Sep;109(3):329-33.

Autoantibodies to hair follicles in C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia areata-like hair loss.

Tobin DJ, et al

We have previously described spontaneous but reversible hair loss that clinically and histologically resembles human alopecia areata in a colony of C3H/HeJ mice. Alopecia areata in humans is associated with antibodies to hair follicles. This study was conducted to determine whether C3H/HeJ mice with hair loss have a similar abnormal antibody response to hair follicles. Eighteen C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia, 12 unaffected littermates, and 15 control mice were examined for circulating antibodies to C3H/HeJ anagen hair follicles by indirect immunofluorescence and against extracts of isolated C3H/HeJ and human anagen hair follicles by immunoblotting. Using both procedures, antibodies to anagen hair follicles were present in all C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia but in none of the control mice. The antibodies were also present in some unaffected C3H/HeJ littermates but were absent in mice of an unrelated strain with inflammatory skin disease and alopecia, indicating that their appearance did not result from the hair loss. These antibodies reacted to hair follicle-specific antigens of 40-60 kDa present in murine and human anagen hair follicles. These antigens were also reactive with human alopecia areata antibodies. Some of the antibodies in both C3H/HeJ mice and humans with alopecia areata reacted to antigens of 44 and 46 kDa, which were identified as hair follicle-specific keratins. This study indicates that C3H/HeJ mice with hair loss have circulating antibodies to hair follicles similar to those present in humans with alopecia areata. These findings confirm that these mice are an appropriate model for human alopecia areata and support the hypothesis that alopecia areata results from an abnormal autoimmune response to hair follicles.